| Area Total | 2,149,690 sq km |
| Climate | harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes |
| Natural Resources | petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper |
| Imports | China 15.4%, US 13.6%, UAE 6.5%, Germany 5.8%, Japan 4.1%, India 4.1%, South Korea 4% (2017) – machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles |
| Government | absolute monarchy |
| Capital | Riyadh |
| Population | 33,091,113 (July 2018 est.) |
| Ethnicity | Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10% |
| Language | Arabic (official) |
| Exports | Japan 12.2%, China 11.7%, South Korea 9%, India 8.9%, US 8.3%, UAE 6.7%, Singapore 4.2% (2017) – Exports – commodities field listing petroleum and petroleum products 90% (2012 est.) |
News about Saudi Arabia
- Saudi dissident awarded £3m damages threatens enforcement action if he is not paidby Haroon Siddique Legal affairs correspondent on January 30, 2026
London-based satirist hails ‘amazing’ ruling that found Gulf state targeted and attacked him for his criticismA London-based Saudi dissident who a judge decided should receive more than £3m in damages from the kingdom for assault and the hacking of his phone has insisted that it must pay up or face enforcement action.Mr Justice Saini ruled that the […]
- Saudi Arabia ordered to pay £3m to London dissident over Pegasus spyingby Haroon Siddique and Stephanie Kirchgaessner on January 26, 2026
High court finds kingdom responsible for hacking phones of Ghanem al-Masarir and for physical attack on himA judge has ordered Saudi Arabia to pay more than £3m in damages to a London-based dissident whose phones were targeted with Pegasus spyware.In a judgment handed down on Monday, Judge Pushpinder Saini ruled that Ghanem al-Masarir was entitled to […]
- ‘Don’t they have mercy?’: A mother on losing her son in a record year of Saudi executionsby Tom Levitt on January 26, 2026
Essam al-Shazly is the latest foreign national to die in a ‘horrifying’ surge in capital punishment under the rule of Mohammed bin SalmanIn his four years on death row, Essam al-Shazly’s mother was his only contact with the outside world. During their daily calls she would calm his fears, control her own tears and listen to his hopes of returning […]
- The Guardian view on Trump’s Board of Peace: an international body in service to one man’s ego | Editorialby Editorial on January 22, 2026
It was supposed to give Gaza a future, but the US president is using it to attack the UN, international law and multilateralismOne glance at the logo of the Board of Peace tells you all you need to know. It is the globe and laurels of the UN – only gold, because this is Donald Trump’s initiative, and showing little of the world beyond North America.The […]
- Gulf states and Turkey warned Trump strikes on Iran could lead to major conflictby Patrick Wintour Diplomatic editor on January 15, 2026
US allies’ lobbying appears to have helped persuade president to hold off for now on military assaultSaudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey and Oman urged Donald Trump not to launch airstrikes against Iran in a last-minute lobbying campaign prompted by fears that an attack by Washington would lead to a major and intractable conflict across the Middle East.The […]
- Australia’s Cop31 chief negotiator plans to lobby petrostates on fossil fuel phaseoutby Dan Jervis-Bardy Chief political correspondent on January 10, 2026
Exclusive: Chris Bowen says key to next UN climate summit will be ‘engagement, engagement, engagement’ with countries such as Saudi ArabiaFollow our Australia news live blog for latest updatesGet our breaking news email, free app or daily news podcastChris Bowen wants to use his stint as the world’s chief climate negotiator to lobby Saudi Arabia and […]
- My favourite family photo: ‘I was six, with mumps and diarrhoea – and having the time of my life’by Stuart Heritage on January 9, 2026
When I went to Saudi Arabia in the 1980s to see my Dad it felt like visiting another planet. But beyond the scale and shininess of the country was the feeling of my family finally being togetherIn the 1980s, the British construction industry was hit hard by recession. At the same time, Saudi Arabia had the opposite problem; lots of money and a desire to […]
- Saudi Arabia says UAE helped Yemeni separatist leader flee as crisis deepensby Patrick Wintour Diplomatic editor on January 8, 2026
Riyadh says Aidarous al-Zubaidi, leader of the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council, was helped to flee YemenSaudi Arabia has accused the United Arab Emirates of smuggling a UAE-backed separatist leader out of Yemen after he failed to turn up for crisis talks in Riyadh on Wednesday.The Saudi-led coalition in Yemen said Aidarous al-Zubaidi had fled the […]
- Yemen separatist leader to make last stand after rejecting Saudi ultimatum, supporters sayby Patrick Wintour Diplomatic editor on January 7, 2026
Saudi airstrikes hit Aidarous al-Zubaidi’s military camps after he defies a demand to travel to Riyadh for talksThe leader of Yemen’s routed southern separatist movement, Aidarous al-Zubaidi, has decided to make a defiant last stand in Aden, his supporters say, rejecting a Saudi ultimatum to travel to Riyadh for talks and – for now – a plan to flee […]
- Tents supplied to displaced Palestinians ‘inadequate for Gaza winter’by Jason Burke in Jerusalem and Seham Tantesh in Gaza on January 3, 2026
Thousands have blown down in storms and tents from China, Egypt and Saudi Arabia found to be not waterproofThousands of tents supplied by China, Egypt and Saudi Arabia to shelter displaced Palestinians in Gaza offer only limited protection against rain and wind, an assessment compiled by shelter specialists in the devastated territory has revealed.The […]
- Saudi invites Yemen’s southern factions to ‘dialogue’ in Riyadh after surprise independence bidby Guardian staff and agencies on January 3, 2026
Southern Transitional Council wants to form a breakaway state, which would split the Arabian Peninsula’s poorest state in twoSaudi Arabia’s foreign ministry has called for Yemen’s southern factions to attend a “dialogue” in Riyadh, after a surprise independence bid and the United Arab Emirates declaring it had withdrawn all troops from Yemen.In a […]
- Executions in Saudi Arabia hit highest number on record in 2025by Agence France-Presse in Dubai on January 1, 2026
Analysts attribute increase to kingdom’s ‘war on drugs’ as authorities kill 356 people by death penaltySaudi authorities executed 356 people in 2025, setting a new record for the number of inmates put to death in the kingdom in a single year.Analysts have largely attributed the increase in executions to Riyadh’s “war on drugs”, with some of […]
- Five tech trends we’ll be watching in 2026by Blake Montgomery on December 30, 2025
From datacenters to AI, we’ll be keeping our eye on the technology that will be shaping your life in the coming yearHello, and welcome to TechScape. I’m your host, Blake Montgomery, wishing you a happy New Year’s Eve filled with cheer, champagne and Mariah Carey’s comically awful rendition of Auld Lang Syne.Today, we’re looking forward to the next […]
- Tensions between Saudis and Emiratis over future of Yemen reach boiling pointby Patrick Wintour Diplomatic editor on December 30, 2025
Dispute has potential to create civil war in south of Yemen and spill over into neighbouring countriesTensions between the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia over the future of Yemen and the imminent possibility of the declaration of an independent southern state have reached boiling point with Saudi Arabia in effect accusing the UAE of threatening its […]
- UAE promises to withdraw forces from Yemen after bombing by Saudi Arabiaby William Christou and agencies on December 30, 2025
Attack was aimed at what Riyadh called a shipment of weapons for separatists backed by UAEThe United Arab Emirates has said it will withdraw its remaining forces in Yemen after tensions with Saudi Arabia escalated over a sweeping offensive by UAE-backed separatists.The Emirati defence ministry announced the withdrawal on Tuesday, hours after Saudi Arabia […]
- Peace, power and profit – the logic behind Donald Trump’s dealmaking diplomacyby Aamna Mohdin on December 29, 2025
In today’s newsletter: As Trump’s business and diplomacy fuse, critics warn that his approach risks trading stability – and US democracy – for leverageGood morning. There are two Donald Trumps: the candidate, and the president.Donald Trump the candidate spent much of his campaign presenting himself as a champion of peace, arguing that his opponents […]
- Southern separatists in Yemen report Saudi airstrikes near positionsby Patrick Wintour Diplomatic editor on December 26, 2025
Alleged strikes close to UAE-backed forces follow Riyadh’s call for STC to withdraw from newly seized provincesA separatist group in southern Yemen that this month seized two oil-rich provinces has claimed that Saudi Arabia has fired warning airstrikes directed at its forces.Videos issued on Friday by media linked to the United Arab Emirates-backed […]
- Saudi-backed forces gather on Yemen border as separatists face pressure to pull backby Patrick Wintour Diplomatic editor on December 18, 2025
Southern Transitional Council, backed by UAE, told it could face airstrikes after its recent huge territorial gainsAs many as 20,000 Saudi-backed forces are gathering on the border of Yemen as the separatist Southern Transitional Council comes under pressure to withdraw from the huge territorial gains it has made in the last month in the vast, oil-rich […]
- UK imposes sanctions on four RSF officers for ‘heinous’ mass killings in Sudanby Patrick Wintour and Mark Townsend on December 12, 2025
Senior commanders accused of atrocities against civilians face asset freezes – but no action against key backer UAE The UK has placed sanctions on four senior commanders of Sudan’s paramilitary Rapid Support Forces suspected of involvement in “heinous” violence against civilians in the city of El Fasher, but decided not to take any action against […]
- Jared Kushner – and three Arab monarchies – are at the heart of the Paramount-WBD bid | Mohamad Bazziby Mohamad Bazzi on December 11, 2025
The president’s son-in-law is once again at the center of an international business deal that will require administration approvalOn Monday, Paramount Skydance launched a $108bn takeover bid for Warner Bros Discovery, the entertainment giant that owns Hollywood movie studios, along with CNN, HBO and other media businesses. The bid is led by David Ellison, […]






















