Area Total | 1,861,484 sq km |
Climate | hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |
Natural Resources | petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower |
Imports | UAE 12.7%, Egypt 10.6%, India 10.5%, Turkey 10.2%, Japan 7.6%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Germany 4.6% (2017) – foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines, chemicals, textiles, wheat |
Government | presidential republic |
Capital | Khartoum |
Population | 43,120,843 (July 2018 est.) |
Ethnicity | Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata |
Language | Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur |
Exports | UAE 55.5%, Egypt 14.7%, Saudi Arabia 8.8% (2017) – gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, peanuts, gum Arabic, sugar |
News about Sudan
- US imposes sanctions on Sudan’s army chief over tactics in deadly civil warby Reuters in Washington on January 16, 2025
Measures come a week after Washington also sanctioned Abdel Fattah al-Burhan’s rival, Mohamed Hamdan DagaloThe United States has imposed sanctions on Sudan’s army chief, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, accusing him of choosing war over negotiations to bring an end to the conflict that has killed tens of thousands of people and driven millions from their […]
- Celebrations in Wad Madani as Sudan's army recaptures strategic city – videoon January 13, 2025
Civilians and soldiers celebrated in Wad Madani, the capital of Sudan's Gezira state, after the Sudanese army recaptured it from the rebel Rapid Support Services (RSF) in what could prove a turning point in nearly two years of devastating civil war. The RSF's occupation of Gezira turned the fertile state into one at risk of famine. Its villages were emptied […]
- We ignore Sudan at our peril. This campaign of mass murder and rape will have global consequences | Nesrine Malikby Nesrine Malik on January 13, 2025
Almost two years into the war, Sudan is facing anarchy, famine, genocide – and ambivalence from the rest of the worldSudan’s war, which began in April 2023, is closing in on its second year. No one expects or becomes accustomed to war, but it is striking that the most common sentiment I hear among Sudanese people – and even some outside observers – […]
- ‘It’s an enormous emergency’: the doctor saving Sudan’s most vulnerableby Sarah Johnson on January 12, 2025
MSF medical teams provide vital care in the war-torn country where pregnant women, new mothers and newborns are dying needlessly at alarming ratesDonate to our charity appeal hereIn Sudan, where a war that has caused the world’s biggest humanitarian disaster is in its second year, Dr Javid Abdelmoneim has his own daily struggles, trying to save lives in a […]
- Sudan’s army recaptures Wad Madani from rebel Rapid Support Forcesby Associated Press on January 11, 2025
Strategic city fell into control of RSF, which has been accused of genocide by the US, in December 2023Sudan’s military and its allies have taken back a strategic city from the rebel Rapid Support Forces, officials said.The recapture of Wad Madani, the capital of Gezira province, took place more than a year after it fell to the RSF. Wad Madani had […]
- ‘If you are black, you are finished’: the ethnically targeted violence raging in Sudanby Zeinab Mohammed Salih in Adré on January 10, 2025
Refugees tell of attacks on darker-skinned people and non-Arab groups by Rapid Support Forces and its allies in DarfurHusna Ibrahim Arbab had already lost her son in the early days of Sudan’s civil war – burned to death in his tent after it was set on fire – when she was apprehended by militia aligned with the Rapid Support Forces paramilitary group […]
- US declares Sudan’s paramilitary forces have committed genocide during civil warby Joseph Gedeon in Washington and Peter Beaumont in London on January 7, 2025
Blinken details pattern of ethnic violence in which RSF has killed civilians and blocked access to suppliesThe United States has formally declared that Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces have committed genocide during the country’s ongoing civil war, marking the second time in less than 30 years that genocide has been perpetrated in Sudan.Antony Blinken, the […]
- ‘A glimpse of hope’: how Observer readers are helping mend broken lives in war-torn landsby Sarah Johnson on January 5, 2025
Médecins Sans Frontières workers have unique insight into the suffering of those they help, providing medical care in times of crisisDonate to our charity appeal hereMédecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is one of the Guardian and Observer’s three 2024 charity appeal partners (along with War Child and Parallel Histories). It employs thousands of medical […]
- The Long Wave: From the Met Gala to Afcon, 2025 promises to be a bumper yearby Jason Okundaye on January 1, 2025
New Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Michael Jackson biopic and more brilliant Black art and culture coming your way in the next 12 monthsHello and welcome to The Long Wave. It’s always hard, and a little presumptuous, to predict on 1 January what will matter for the next 365 days, but the start of the new year is the best time to look ahead.To that end, this […]
- ‘Deeply inspiring and humbling’: how neighbourhoods in Sudan are coming together to fill gaps left by foreign aidby Kaamil Ahmed on December 31, 2024
Community kitchens and emergency response rooms are providing a lifeline in serving the 11.5m people displaced by civil warEach day, bowls are set down on the ground in a line outside the community kitchen in Sururab, 25 miles north of Sudan’s capital, Khartoum, for the 350 families who eat here. Community kitchens like these have been crucial to staving […]
- ‘It’s not our job to make photos that are easy to look at’: the female photographers exposing the cost of conflict in 2024by Annie Kelly on December 30, 2024
Hostilities are taking place in more than 170 locations across the globe and women are suffering the effects more than at any time since the second world war. Here, female photojournalists reveal personal stories of life under fireFor Lynsey Addario, a celebrated conflict photographer, covering war in 2024 was all about a six-year-old girl from Ukraine. For […]
- Almost one in five children live in conflict zones, says Unicefby Julian Borger on December 28, 2024
UN humanitarian body warns that dramatic increase in harm to children should not become the ‘new normal’Nearly one in five of the world’s children live in areas affected by conflicts, with more than 473 million children suffering from the worst levels of violence since the second world war, according to figures published by the UN.The UN humanitarian […]
- Sudan: first aid convoy reaches besieged Khartoum area since start of civil warby Rachel Savage on December 27, 2024
Deliveries of vital food and medical supplies will help 200,000 families, say aid groups and local volunteersAn aid convoy has reached a besieged area of Khartoum for the first time since Sudan’s civil war broke out in April 2023, bringing food and medicines in a country where half of the people are at risk of starvation.The 28 trucks arrived in southern […]
- We can be heroes: the inspiring people we met around the world in 2024 – part twoby Guardian reporters on December 26, 2024
From those performing extraordinary acts in times of war to the woman changing views of children with disabilities, these people gave us hope in a tumultuous yearRead more: inspiring people around the world in 2024 – part one She strode across the border, back straight, face raised towards the burning sky. A soldier from Sudan’s paramilitary Rapid […]
- UAE becomes Africa’s biggest investor amid rights concernsby Rachel Savage Southern Africa correspondent on December 24, 2024
Activists alarmed at emirati companies’ poor record on labour rights and fear projects may fail to address environmental concernsThe United Arab Emirates has become the largest backer of new business projects in Africa, raising hopes of a rush of much-needed money for green energy, but also concerns that the investments could compromise the rights of […]
- The Guardian view on the victims of conflict: at the end of a brutal year they need support | Editorialby Editorial on December 20, 2024
From Gaza to Haiti, our charitable partners are dedicated to helping people in the world’s conflict zones. Please give generously• Donate to our charity appeal hereWars in Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine and elsewhere have made 2024 a brutal and bloody 12 months. For this year’s Guardian and Observer appeal, in aid of three conflict-linked charities, we are […]
- Militia aligned with Sudanese army accused of executing men in Khartoumby Zeinab Mohammed Salih in N'Djamena on December 19, 2024
Relatives say Al-Bara’ ibn Malik brigade killed young men in Khartoum North during advance from OmdurmanRelatives and rights groups have accused fighters from an Islamist paramilitary force aligned with the Sudanese army of executing dozens of young men on suspicion of cooperating with the Rapid Support Forces in the Khartoum area.The alleged killings […]
- Airstrike on North Darfur market kills more than 100, says Sudan lawyers’ groupby Carlos Mureithi and agencies on December 10, 2024
Hundreds injured in Sudanese military attack in Kabkabiya during town’s weekly market day, group saysA Sudanese military airstrike on a market in North Darfur has killed more than 100 people, a pro-democracy lawyers’ group said, amid a war marked by claims of atrocities on all sides.The Emergency Lawyers group said the strike on Monday injured hundreds […]
- 10 years of the long read: ‘All that we had is gone’: my lament for war-torn Khartoum (2023) – podcastby Written and read by Nesrine Malik. Produced by Nicola Alexandrou. The executive producer was Ellie Bury on December 9, 2024
As the Long Read turns 10 we are raiding the archives to bring you a favourite piece from each year since 2014, with new introductions from the authors.This week from 2023: Since Sudan’s capital was engulfed by violence in April, life there has been all but destroyed. As we tried to get family members to safety, the ruination of my former home became hard […]
- From Beirut to Khartoum, the Arab world is changing beyond our recognition | Nesrine Malikby Nesrine Malik on December 2, 2024
The Arab world is increasingly divided between those who are losing everything, and those who have everythingFor the past few months, there has been a grim new ritual whenever I meet people from some Arab countries. It’s a sort of mutual commiseration and checking in. How are things with you? Where is your family? I hope you are safe, I hope they are […]