Area Total | 1,861,484 sq km |
Climate | hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |
Natural Resources | petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower |
Imports | UAE 12.7%, Egypt 10.6%, India 10.5%, Turkey 10.2%, Japan 7.6%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Germany 4.6% (2017) – foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines, chemicals, textiles, wheat |
Government | presidential republic |
Capital | Khartoum |
Population | 43,120,843 (July 2018 est.) |
Ethnicity | Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata |
Language | Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur |
Exports | UAE 55.5%, Egypt 14.7%, Saudi Arabia 8.8% (2017) – gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, peanuts, gum Arabic, sugar |
News about Sudan
- The Long Wave: Elmiene’s songs of hope in the shadow of warby Nesrine Malik on February 19, 2025
The British singer-songwriter explores the loss of home and homeland as we share stories of Sudan. Plus, Drake bounces back after Kendrick dissHello and welcome to The Long Wave. This week I spoke to the Sudanese-British singer-songwriter Elmiene, a soul and R&B sensation who took the music industry by storm after just one viral video. We talked about […]
- Sudan paramilitary group kills more than 200 people in three-day attack, activists sayby Agence France-Presse in Port Sudan on February 18, 2025
The Emergency Lawyers network said the RSF killed civilians south of Khartoum, with hundreds more either wounded or missingSudanese paramilitaries have killed more than 200 people in a three-day assault south of Khartoum, according to a lawyers’ network, while the army-backed government put the death toll at more than double that figure.The Emergency […]
- Young, old, refugees and returnees: thousands fleeing violence cross border into South Sudanby Èlia Borràs in Renk, South Sudan on February 17, 2025
Makeshift hospitals and informal settlements deal with daily influx of those escaping the war in neighbouring SudanPhotographs by Diego Menjíbar ReynésAt the Joda border crossing between Sudan and South Sudan, movement is constant. Just 100 metres separate the two border checkpoints – on the Sudanese side, three raised flags welcome newcomers; on the […]
- Sudan says plan for first Russian naval base in Africa will go aheadby Faisal Ali on February 13, 2025
Two countries’ foreign ministers meet in Moscow and agree there are no obstacles to long-delayed plan A plan for Russia to establish its first naval base in Africa will go ahead, Sudan’s foreign minister has confirmed, after years of delays over the Red Sea military port.If the agreement is implemented, Russia would join the US and China in the region; […]
- What Trump’s assault on USAid means for the world – podcastby Presented by Lucy Hough with Nesrine Malik. Produced by Eli Block, Eleanor Biggs and Joel Cox; executive producer: Courtney Yusuf on February 13, 2025
What will the world look like without US foreign assistance? Nesrine Malik reports“My community, living here in the refugee camp, is already vulnerable,” Sahat Zia tells Lucy Hough. “I’m very concerned, especially for the children and the women.”Sahat is a Rohingya activist and photographer based in Kutupalong refugee camp, Bangladesh. Hearing […]
- Sudanese army says it is close to retaking Khartoum from paramilitariesby Mark Townsend on February 7, 2025
Army making rapid advances across the country and closing in on RSF-held Republican Palace in capitalSudan’s brutal civil war appears to be approaching a decisive phase as the country’s military reported sweeping gains in the symbolic battle for the capital.As a ruinous conflict, often characterised by bloody stalemate, nears its two-year anniversary, […]
- The Guardian view on Sudan’s war: borders can’t contain a devastating, destabilising crisis | Editorialby Editorial on February 6, 2025
The rest of the world has largely ignored the horror of this conflict, but will find its effects ripple outwardsAs Sudan approaches its third year of civil war, the dynamics are suddenly shifting. Sudan’s military, which launched a major offensive against the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in September, made swift progress in Gezira state, and […]
- Deaths predicted amid the chaos of Elon Musk’s shutdown of USAidby Mark Townsend, Karen McVeigh, Charles Pensulo in Lilongwe, Caroline Kimeu in Nairobi and Luke Taylor in Bogota on February 4, 2025
The impact of the billionaire’s declaration has been swift and brutal, with food and crucial drugs abandoned in warehouses, vital programmes closed and workers laid offCritical supplies of life-saving medicines have been blocked and children left without food and battling malnutrition as multiple effects were reported across the globe after Elon Musk […]
- The world at war: the flashpoints that the west ignoresby Simon Tisdall on February 2, 2025
While all eyes are on the Middle East and Ukraine, brutality still reigns in many other regions suffering many other conflictsThe world is becoming a more dangerous place. It’s an often-heard sentiment these days, but is it really true? Historical comparisons are of limited help.Last week’s 80th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau […]
- Dozens killed as RSF forces attack a city market in Sudanby Associated Press on February 1, 2025
Assault by the Rapid Support Forces in city of Omdurman also leaves more than 150 people woundedFighters with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Sudan have attacked an open market in the city of Omdurman, killing 54 people.The attack on Sabrein market also wounded at least 158 others, Sudan’s health ministry said. Continue reading...
- Sudan’s army deserves the world’s support | Lettersby Guardian Staff on January 29, 2025
Babikir Elamin rejects the claim that the country has ‘effectively collapsed into anarchy and fragmented fiefdoms’Nesrine Malik rightly highlights that the United Arab Emirates “is the single biggest player in Sudan’s war” (We ignore Sudan at our peril. This campaign of mass murder and rape will have global consequences, 13 January). However, I […]
- On the streets of Khartoum: life amid the ravages of Sudan’s war – in picturesby Guardian Staff on January 29, 2025
The internal conflict raging since 2023 has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and forced more than 11 million people from their homes. The UN has described it as ‘one of the worst humanitarian nightmares in recent history’. Photographer Sergio Ramazzotti travelled to Khartoum state and witnessed the aftermath of the fighting between government […]
- Ex-Tory Brexit minister Lord Frost rejects party’s claims over Europe-wide customs scheme – as it happenedby Andrew Sparrow on January 28, 2025
This blog is now closed, you can read more of our UK political coverage hereQ: Are doctors able to recognise depression? And can they decide if that affects someone’s capacity to make a decision about their health?Whitty says doctors can identify depression. But he says it is harder for them to assess if that is affecting capacity.That’s where help from […]
- ICC prosecutor seeks arrest warrants over atrocities in Darfurby Patrick Wintour Diplomatic editor on January 28, 2025
Karim Khan says civilians being targeted and communities destroyed in western region of SudanThe prosecutor for the international criminal court has said he is seeking arrest warrants for people accused of atrocities in Sudan’s Darfur region, where the US and others have determined that a paramilitary group and its allies have perpetrated genocide.Karim […]
- Scores killed in hospital attack in Sudan’s besieged El Fasher, says WHOby Associated Press on January 26, 2025
About 70 people, including patients, believed to have been killed in attack blamed on rebel Rapid Support ForcesAbout 70 people have been killed in an attack on the only functional hospital in the besieged city of El Fasher in Sudan, the head of the World Health Organization has said, the latest in a series of attacks as the African nation’s civil war has […]
- After his executive order on sex, is Trump legally the first female president? | Arwa Mahdawiby Arwa Mahdawi on January 25, 2025
The confusing and vague executive order underscores how complex sex is and why it’s hard to reduce it into a neat binaryHas the moment we’ve all been waiting for arrived? After both Hillary Clinton and Kamala Harris failed to break the biggest glass ceiling, has a woman finally ascended to the highest office in America? Legally speaking, is Donald J […]
- US imposes sanctions on Sudan’s army chief over tactics in deadly civil warby Reuters in Washington on January 16, 2025
Measures come a week after Washington also sanctioned Abdel Fattah al-Burhan’s rival, Mohamed Hamdan DagaloThe United States has imposed sanctions on Sudan’s army chief, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, accusing him of choosing war over negotiations to bring an end to the conflict that has killed tens of thousands of people and driven millions from their […]
- Celebrations in Wad Madani as Sudan's army recaptures strategic city – videoon January 13, 2025
Civilians and soldiers celebrated in Wad Madani, the capital of Sudan's Gezira state, after the Sudanese army recaptured it from the rebel Rapid Support Services (RSF) in what could prove a turning point in nearly two years of devastating civil war. The RSF's occupation of Gezira turned the fertile state into one at risk of famine. Its villages were emptied […]
- We ignore Sudan at our peril. This campaign of mass murder and rape will have global consequences | Nesrine Malikby Nesrine Malik on January 13, 2025
Almost two years into the war, Sudan is facing anarchy, famine, genocide – and ambivalence from the rest of the worldSudan’s war, which began in April 2023, is closing in on its second year. No one expects or becomes accustomed to war, but it is striking that the most common sentiment I hear among Sudanese people – and even some outside observers – […]
- ‘It’s an enormous emergency’: the doctor saving Sudan’s most vulnerableby Sarah Johnson on January 12, 2025
MSF medical teams provide vital care in the war-torn country where pregnant women, new mothers and newborns are dying needlessly at alarming ratesDonate to our charity appeal hereIn Sudan, where a war that has caused the world’s biggest humanitarian disaster is in its second year, Dr Javid Abdelmoneim has his own daily struggles, trying to save lives in a […]